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Science or Pseudo-Science?

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Science or Pseudo-Science?

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Science or Pseudo-Science?

> How Does Evolution
Supposedly Work?

> Genetics

> Mutations

> Genetic Recombination

> Gene Duplication

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> Fossil Evidence

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> “Junk” DNA – The Biggest Blunder of Evolutionary-Based Science

> Endogenous Retroviruses

	“Nature is very good at building structures but instead of bricks and mortar it uses molecules like proteins and lipids for its building blocks. For instance, a seed can take molecules from the air, soil and water and rearrange them into a tree.” University of Wisconsin, Madison, “Molecules in nature are programmed to arrange themselves in certain ways,” Materials Research Science and Engineering Center website. http://mrsec.wisc.edu/Edetc/ nanoquest/self_assembly/ index.html

Genesis Account of Creation - God ‘spoke’ all creation into existence

It is first necessary to note that we MUST ALWAYS believe the infallible Truth of the Bible over the fallible human interpretation and presupposition of scientific research and discovery.

The Genesis Account of Creation was recorded in the Bible over 3400 years ago. Human wisdom will never understand the mysteries of God’s Creation, but we can observe how empirical science points to the God of Creation, not the god of evolution, i.e. the religion of Humanism:
http://www.americanhumanist.org/Who_We_Are/About_Humanism/Humanist_Manifesto_I

Genesis states that God created light:

“Then God said, “Let there be light”; and there was light.” (Genesis 1:3)
(NOTE: Genesis states that water was present with God in the beginning; “And the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters.” Genesis 1:2)

While scientists cannot manipulate the results for any purpose, it is known that sound waves emitted through water can create light:

• “How can sound be transformed into a brief flash of light? Recent experiments have provided new insights into this remarkable phenomenon, but its cause is not yet fully understood.”
  “Sonoluminescence: the star in a jar” by Seth Putterman, Physics World, May 1998. (See PDF)
  
• “First discovered in the 1930s as a byproduct of early work on sonar, the phenomenon is defined as the generation of light energy from sound waves.”
  "Sonoluminescence: A Galaxy of Nanostars Created in a Beaker” NASA, Glenn Research Center web page.
  http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/RT/2004/RI/RIS-Jwrbanek2.html

There are NO ‘naturalistic’ explanations for the origin of light:

• “The existence of light (a massless U(1) gauge boson) is one of unresolved mysteries in nature.”
  Xiao-Gang Wen, Professor of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “Origin of Light,” June 15, 2001 (See PDF)
  

Genesis states that God created matter, i.e. the universe:

“Then God said, “Let there be lights in the firmament of the heavens to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs and seasons, and for days and years; and let them be for lights in the firmament of the heavens to give light on the earth”; and it was so. Then God made two great lights: the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night. He made the stars also.” (Genesis 1:14-16)

While scientists cannot manipulate the results for any purpose, it is known that light can create matter:

• “Now Mallinckrodt Professor of Physics and of Applied Physics, Hau has done it again. She and her team made a light pulse disappear from one cold cloud then retrieved it from another cloud nearby. In the process, light was converted into matter then back into light.”
  William J. Cromie, “Light and matter united,” Harvard University Gazette, February 7, 2007.
  http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2007/02.08/99-hau.html

There are NO ‘naturalistic’ explanations for the origin of the universe:

• “It is beyond the realm of the Big Bang Model to say what gave rise to the Big Bang. There are a number of speculative theories about this topic, but none of them make realistically testable predictions as of yet.”
  NASA website, “Universe 101 Big Bang Theory: Foundations of Big Bang Cosmology.”
  http://wmap.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/bb_concepts.html

Genesis states that God created life from dust (dirt):

• “…For dust you are, And to dust you shall return.” (Genesis 3:19)
  From Ecclesiastes:
  
• “For what happens to the sons of men also happens to animals; one thing befalls them: as one dies, so dies the other … All go to one place: all are from the dust, and all return to dust.” (Ecclesiastes 3:19,20)

It is known that DNA/RNA is composed of inorganic elements found in dirt:

• “After all, both organic and inorganic matter are made of the same building blocks: atoms of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus. The only difference is how the atoms are arranged in three-dimensional space.”
  Donald E. Ingber, “The Architecture of Life,” Scientific American, January 1998.
  http://vv.arts.ucla.edu/Talks/Barcelona/Arch_Life.htm

There are NO ‘naturalistic’ explanations for the origin of DNA/RNA from ‘dust’:

• “Despite considerable experimental and theoretical effort, no compelling scenarios currently exist for the origin of replication and translation, the key processes that together comprise the core of biological systems and the apparent pre-requisite of biological evolution. The RNA World concept might offer the best chance for the resolution of this conundrum but so far cannot adequately account for the emergence of an efficient RNA replicase or the translation system.”
  Eugene V. Koonin, MD, MS and PhD in Molecular Biology from Department of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Editor of Genome Analysis section in Trends in Genetics, “The cosmological model of eternal inflation and the transition from chance to biological evolution in the history of life”, Biology Direct 2007 2:15.
  http://www.biology-direct.com/content/2/1/15
  
• “However, Darwin’s 1859 classic, On the Origin of Species, somewhat ironically doesn’t answer that very question – how species actually originated. And to this day, how that first tiny pool of chemicals twitched to life remains a puzzle.”
  University of Helsinki and Finnish Forest Research Institute, “Why did life emerge?” Published in International Journal of Astrobiology 7 (3 & 4): 293-300, December 9, 2008, Physorg website.
  http://www.physorg.com/news148050302.html

Genesis states that God created and continually creates ALL life (Genesis 1:11-27):

It is known that non-living materials miraculously assemble into complex organized living cells, which also assemble into fully functional organisms:

• “The natural world is a shining example when it comes to the self-assembly of molecules. However, it has not disclosed all of its secrets yet. Controlling the shape and structure of self-assembled systems continues to be a stumbling block for scientists. Yet such structures, in which the different molecules cooperate with each other, can have unrivaled characteristics. Self-assembly could provide the way forward for the future mass production of nanomaterials, nanodrugs and nanoelectronics.”
  Institute for Complex Molecular Structures at Eindhoven University of Technology in cooperation with Utrecht University, “Nanotechnology: Self-assembly Of Building Blocks Of DNA Can Now Be Easily Controlled,” May 15, 2009, ScienceDaily website
  http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/05/090514084122.htm
• “Nature is very good at building structures but instead of bricks and mortar it uses molecules like proteins and lipids for its building blocks. For instance, a seed can take molecules from the air, soil and water and rearrange them into a tree … Molecules in nature are programmed to arrange themselves in certain ways.”
  University of Wisconsin, Madison, “Self-Assembly,” Materials Research Science and Engineering Center website.
  http://mrsec.wisc.edu/Edetc/nanoquest/self_assembly/index.html
  
• “This phenomenon, in which components join together to form larger, stable structures having new properties that could not have been predicted from the characteristics of their individual parts, is known as self-assembly. It is observed at many scales in nature. In the human body, for example, large molecules self-assemble into cellular components known as organelles, which self-assemble into cells, which self-assemble into tissues, which self-assemble into organs. The result is a body organized hierarchically as tiers of systems within systems.”
  Donald E. Ingber, “The Architecture of Life,” Scientific American, January 1998.
  http://vv.arts.ucla.edu/Talks/Barcelona/Arch_Life.htm
  
• “A self-assembly strategy has been adapted by biological systems for billions of years,” Seunghun Hong, who is now at Seoul National University, told nanotechweb.org. “We were fascinated by its efficiency and precision …”
  Liz Klaugher, “Self-assembly technique could usher in mass production of nanotube devices,” September 3, 2003, Nanotechweb.org website.
  http://nanotechweb.org/cws/article/tech/18174
  
• “The design of components that organize themselves into desired patterns and functions is the key to applications of self-assembly …
  For self-assembly to generate structures more complex than simple crystals, different components in a mixture must come together in an ordered way …”
  George M Whitesides and Bartosz Grzybowski, “Self-assembly at all scales,” Science magazine, March 29, 2002; 295, 5564; Research Library Core, pg 2418. (See PDF)

There are NO ‘naturalistic’ explanations for how organisms ‘self-assemble’: (NOTE: Since all actions MUST be attributed to a specific known source, the reference to “self-assembly” used in the quotes below must be reclassified as being a supernatural process, NOT a naturalistic process.)

• “Despite centuries of study, researchers still know relatively little about the forces that guide atoms to self-assemble into molecules. They know even less about how groups of molecules join together to create living cells and tissues.”
  Donald E. Ingber, “The Architecture of Life,” Scientific American, January 1998.
  http://vv.arts.ucla.edu/Talks/Barcelona/Arch_Life.htm
  
• “We understand very little about how dissipation of energy lead to the emergence of ordered structures from disordered components in the systems.”
  George M Whitesides and Bartosz Grzybowski, “Self-assembly at all scales,” Science magazine, March 29, 2002; 295, 5564; Research Library Core, pg 2418. (See PDF)

Since God created EVERYTHING, is there a unifying principle found within all God’s Creation?

Yes. Vibrations in the form of frequencies are found within all organic and inorganic matter. These frequencies produce unique detectable sounds that create a ‘resonance’ between objects which causes them to ‘get in tune with each other’:

• “Though people seldom witness it directly, the entire world is in a state of motion, and where solid objects are concerned, this motion is manifested as vibration. When the vibrations produced by one object come into alignment with those of another, this is called resonance …
  As its name suggests, resonance is a matter of one object or force "getting in tune with" another object.”
  Judson Knight, Neil Schlager, “Science of Everyday Things: Real-Life Physics” Volume 2, Science Clarified website.
  http://www.scienceclarified.com/everyday/Real-Life-Physics-Vol-2/Resonance.html
  
• “Scientists from the Ulysses mission have proven that sounds generated deep inside the Sun cause the Earth to shake and vibrate in sympathy. They have found that Earth’s magnetic field, atmosphere and terrestrial systems, all take part in this cosmic sing-along.”
  ESA/NASA Ulysses project, “Moving to the rhythm of the Sun,” August 17th, 2007, Phyorg.com website.
  http://www.physorg.com/news106568459.html
  
• “Max Planck researchers have for the first time analyzed the frequency of molecular resonance, in the same way as musicians analyze the notes of a chord. Their results have even been made audible.
  In terms of physics, there is hardly any difference between the resonance in a molecule and a musical chord. Both are created when vibrations with different frequencies overlap. In music, it is the notes that make up the chord. In molecules, these frequencies are also called quantum states.”
  Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, “Molecular chords,” November 16, 2007, Physorg website.
  http://www.physorg.com/news114440170.html
  
• "Scientists are now developing an incredible new technology to record and amplify the minute acoustic signals given off by single bacteria, viruses and DNA molecules. The ability to identify specific viruses or cancer cells by their sound has profound implications for the medical world …”
  BBC Science Radio, “Power of Sound,” November 20, 2003.
  http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/science/thematerialworld_20031120.shtml
  
• “UCLA molecular biologists have turned protein sequences into original compositions of classical music.
  "We converted the sequence of proteins into music and can get an auditory signal for every protein," said Jeffrey H. Miller, distinguished professor of microbiology, immunology and molecular genetics, and a member of UCLA's Molecular Biology Institute. "Every protein will have its unique auditory signature because every protein has a unique sequence. You can hear the sequence of the protein."”
  UCLA, “Molecular Biologists Convert Protein Sequences Into Classical Music,” May 15, 2007, ScienceDaily website.
  http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/05/070516092210.htm
  

There are NO ‘naturalistic’ explanations for the origin of sound waves:
No papers were found.

The Bible states that God continually upholds His Creation:

• “upholding all things by the word of His power” (Hebrews 1:3)
  
• “And He is before all things, and in Him all things consist.” (Colossians 1:17)

It is known that there are unexplainable control systems and master regulatory networks within ALL life:

1. A molecular structure called a primary cilium extends above the surface of all cells. It acts as a radio antenna that sends precise and essential aerial instructions to the inner cell via sound waves:

• “Although first described as early as 1898 and long considered a vestigial organelle of little functional importance, the primary cilium has become one of the hottest research topics in modern cell biology and physiology. Primary cilia are nonmotile sensory organelles present in a single copy on the surface of most growth-arrested or differentiated mammalian cells, and defects in their assembly or function are tightly coupled to many developmental defects, diseases and disorders.”
  Department of Biology, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark and Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Medical School, “Primary Cilia and Signaling Pathways in Mammalian Development, Health and Disease,” Nephron Physiol 2009;111:p39-p53.
  http://content.karger.com/produktedb/produkte.asp?doi=208212
• “Johns Hopkins researchers say they have figured out how human and all animal cells tune in to a key signal, one that literally transmits the instructions that shape their final bodies. It turns out the cells assemble their own little radio antenna on their surfaces to help them relay the proper signal to the developmental proteins 'listening' on the inside of the cell …
  “We thought that the key to the balancing act occurred inside the cell, but it now seems clear that the cilia are the main relay stations,” Katsanis says. “We’ve just reset a huge volume of literature under a new light.””
  John Hopkins University, “Cilia: small organelles, big decisions,” October 3, 2007, Physorg.com website.
  http://www.physorg.com/news110637254.html
  
• “The primary cilium is a generally non-motile cilium that occurs singly on most cells in the vertebrate body. The function of this organelle, which has been the subject of much speculation but little experimentation, has been unknown. Recent findings reveal that the primary cilium is an antenna displaying specific receptors and relaying signals from these receptors to the cell body.”
  Current Opinion in Cell Biology, ISSN 0955-0674, “The vertebrate primary cilium is a sensory organelle,” 2003, vol. 15, no1, pp. 105-110.
  http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=14469338
  
• “The primary cilium, the solitary, antenna-like structure that studs the outer surfaces of virtually all human cells, orient cells to move in the right direction and at the speed needed to heal wounds, much like a Global Positioning System helps ships navigate to their destinations …
  “In mutant cells that lack the primary cilium," Christensen says, "cell migration is unregulated with uncontrolled directional cell displacement during wound closure, leaving the cells blindfolded to some of the signals that permit the cells to navigate correctly."”
  American Society for Cell Biology, “Primary cilium as cellular 'GPS system' crucial to wound repair,” December 17, 2008, Physorg.com website.
  http://www.physorg.com/news148742058.html
  
• “The puzzle of how higher animals develop – how a mass of undifferentiated cells organise themselves into specialised, functioning tissues, organs, and organisms – could now be solved – and the clue has been right under our noses for over a century.
  Every mammalian cell has a single primary cilium. This structure sticks out from the cell membrane like a cellphone aerial. First noticed by 19th Century microscopists, it was thought to be a useless, vestigial structure like the appendix. But recent discoveries show it is absolutely pivotal in cell differentiation and maintenance of tissue and organ structure and function.”
  The Scientific and Medical Network Blog, “The Primary Cilium – antenna for the organising field?” June 9, 2008.
  http://scimednet.blogspot.com/2008/06/primary-cilium-antenna-for-organising.html
  
• “Almost every vertebrate cell has a specialized cell surface projection called a primary cilium. Although these structures were first described more than a century ago, the full scope of their functions remains poorly understood. Here, we review emerging evidence that in addition to their well-established roles in sight, smell, and mechanosensation, primary cilia are key participants in intercellular signaling.”
  Science magazine, “The Primary Cilium as the Cell's Antenna: Signaling at a Sensory Organelle,” Vol. 313. no. 5787, pp. 629 – 633, August 4, 2006.
  http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/313/5787/629

There are NO ‘naturalistic’ explanations for the origin of a primary cilium OR where its instructions are coming from:

• “Despite the impressive amount of progress made over the past decade, we are left with even more challenging and critical questions. These questions include how extracellular stimuli perceived by the cilia result in changes in cell behavior and physiology …”
  Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, “An incredible decade for the primary cilium: a look at a once-forgotten organelle.” Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 289: F1159-F1169, January 18, 2005.
  http://ajprenal.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/289/6/F1159
• "Because the problem of coregulation of genes is very general, we suspect frequency modulation may be widespread across many genes, organisms, and cell types. We're now trying to determine how general this phenomenon is by looking at what other genes and cell types use this type of system," he says.”
  California Institute of Technology, “Caltech scientists find cells coordinate gene activity with FM bursts,” October 1, 2008, Caltech website.
  http://mr.caltech.edu/media/Press_Releases/PR13189.html

2. Other control systems and regulatory networks:

• “Molecular motors, the little engines that power cell mobility and the ability of cells to transport internal cargo, work together and in close coordination, according to a new finding by researchers at the University of Virginia …
  The new University of Virginia study provides strong evidence that the motors are indeed working in coordination, all pulling in one direction, as if under command, or in the opposite direction — again, as if under strict instruction.”
  University of Virginia, “Molecular Motors In Cells Work Together, Study Shows,” February 25, 2009. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/02/090213161043.htm
  
• “The genome of complex organisms is stashed away inside each cell's nucleus, a little like a sovereign shielded from the threatening world outside. The genome cannot govern from its protective chamber, however, without knowing what's going on in the realm beyond and having the ability to project power there. Guarding access to the nuclear chamber is the job of large, intimidating gatekeepers known as nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), which stud the nuclear membrane, filtering all of the biochemical information passing in or out …
  Kampmann is applying the EM approach to other subunits in hopes of fleshing out the overall picture of one of the most mysterious machines in molecular biology.”
  Rockefeller University, “Research identifies 3-D structure of key nuclear pore building block,” June 7th, 2009.
  http://www.physorg.com/news163599774.html
  
• “FANTOM4 has shown that instead of having one or a few 'master regulator' genes that control growth and development, there is a sophisticated network of regulatory elements that subtly influence the ways in which genes are expressed in different cells in the body," Professor John Mattick said.
  University of Queensland, “Study Challenges Notions Of How Genes Are Controlled In Mammals,” April 23, 2009. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/04/090420103549.htm
  
• “Cells in plants, fungi, and animals—including those in the human body—divide through mitosis, during which the DNA-containing chromosomes separate between the resulting daughter cells. Forces in a structure called the mitotic spindle guide the replicated chromosomes to opposing sides as one cell eventually becomes two …
  "One of the really important fundamental questions in biology is how do chromosomes get properly segregated when cells divide. What are the forces that move chromosomes around during this process? Where do they come from and what guides the movements?"”
  University of Michigan, “Slicing Chromosomes Leads To New Insights Into Cell Division,” June 2, 2009.
  http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/05/090529183252.htm
  
• “Had Amin Rustom not messed up, he would not have stumbled upon one of the biggest discoveries in biology of recent times …
  Using video microscopy, they watched adjacent cells reach out to each other with antenna-like projections, establish contact and then build the tubular connections. The connections were not just between pairs of cells. Cells can send out several nanotubes, forming an intricate and transient network of linked cells lasting anything from minutes to hours.
  … Nothing in his experience could explain the phenomenon.”
  “Tunnelling nanotubes: Life's secret network,” New Scientist, November 18, 2008.
  http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20026821.400-tunnelling-nanotubes-lifes-secret-network.html
  
• “The genes cooperate by signaling each other, telling cells when to grow, when to make tubes, when to turn on pumps or perform other critical functions, said Bruce Aronow, Ph.D., study co-author and scientific director of the Center for Computational Medicine at Cincinnati Children's. The study also makes new headway into identifying different transcription factors – "boss" genes that regulate the activity of other genes – and the target genes they may activate or repress.”
  Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, “Slicing Chromosomes Leads To New Insights Into Cell Division,” November 10, 2008.
  http://www.physorg.com/news145543215.html
  
• “The scientists found out that the new electrical signal they called "system potential" was induced and even modulated by wounding. If a plant leaf is wounded, the signal strength can be different and can be measured over long distances in unwounded leaves, depending on the kind and concentration of added cations (e.g. calcium, potassium, or magnesium). It is not the transport of ions across cell membranes that causes the observed changes in voltage transmitted from leaf to shoot and then to the next leaf, but the activation of so-called proton pumps.”
  Justus Liebig University of Gießen and the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Jena,“Novel Electric Signals In Plants Induced By Wounding Plant,” March 10, 2009.
  http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/03/090309105030.htm
  
• "The control system that determines how development of an animal occurs in each species is encoded in the genome, and the physical location of the sequences where this code is resident is being revealed in a new area of systems biology--the study of gene regulatory networks," says Davidson. Gene regulatory networks are the complex networks of gene interactions that direct the development of any given species …
  "These networks lie at the heart of the regulatory apparatus, and they consist of genes that encode proteins that regulate other genes, and the DNA sequences which control when and where they are expressed," says Davidson, who authored a paper in the special feature about a gene regulatory network found in sea urchin embryos.”
  California Institute of Technology (Caltech), “Researchers Help Unlock The Secrets Of Gene Regulatory Networks,” February 4, 2009.
  http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/02/090203142521.htm
  
• “Anyone who studied biology 10 or 15 years ago will not have learned about microRNA. These short RNA strands were only discovered 10 years ago. Since then, research has discovered significant new biological mechanisms. Within a short period biologists identified, among other things, all of the genes that encode microRNAs. These RNAs regulate not just individual genes, but as many as 50 to 100 genes at the same time.”
  ETH Zurich, “Diabetes: MicroRNA Protects Beta Cells,” May 2, 2009.
  http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/04/090425203534.htm
  
• “Providing another tool to help to understand gene regulation on a global scale, a nationwide research team has identified and mapped 55,000 enhancers, short regions of DNA that act to enhance or boost the expression of genes … Enhancers are one of several types of regulatory elements, along with promoters and insulators, which are scattered across the genome and act to assemble proteins that regulate the transcription of individual genes.”
  University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, “What's Driving Specific Patterns Of Gene Expression Among Cell Types?” March 27, 2009.
  http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/03/090318140518.htm
  
• “The p53 protein, which exists in all the cells of the body, is commonly called the "guardian of the genome", since it detects harmful DNA changes and prevents them from being transmitted further into the body. p53 activates genetic programmes that arrest the division and growth of damaged cells or trigger their apoptosis. In half of all cancer tumours, the gene for p53 is damaged, and the scientists believe that the protein has been rendered dysfunctional in all cancer tumours.”
  Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, “New research on the ‘guardian of the genome,’"May 12, 2009, PhyOrg.com website.
  http://www.physorg.com/news161360881.html

Genesis states that God created life “each according to its kind.” (Genesis 1:11, 1:12, 1:21, 1:24, 1:25)

Isn’t it interesting that “… according to its/their kind” is used repeatedly in Genesis? ‘Kinds’ in the Bible loosely relate to ‘family’ in the biological classification of mammals and birds. God created each kind with the genetic ability that allows for a generous, but not unlimited, amount of variation and adaptation. Those genetic variations and adaptations created and still create variations of each kind that did and do exist today (speciation). However, continual and unlimited change has NEVER been observed or proven to occur.
See http://www.whoisyourcreator.com/common_descent.html

(Note that all the references to “millions of years” in several of the quotes below are all unscientific claims based on nothing but the presupposition that evolution is true.)

• “In each of these pivotal nexuses in life's history, the principal "types" seem to appear rapidly and fully equipped with the signature features of the respective new level of biological organization. No intermediate "grades" or intermediate forms between different types are detectable.”
  Eugene V Koonin, "The Biological Big Bang model for the major transitions in evolution,” National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, in Biology Direct 2007, 2:21.
  http://www.biology-direct.com/content/2/1/21
  
• “Palaeobiologists flocked to these scientific visions of a world in a constant state of flux and admixture. But instead of finding the slow, smooth and progressive changes Lyell and Darwin had expected, they saw in the fossil records rapid bursts of change, new species appearing seemingly out of nowhere and then remaining unchanged for millions of years-patterns hauntingly reminiscent of creation.”
  Mark Pagel, professor of evolutionary biology at the University of Reading in England, "Happy accidents?" Nature, Vol. 397, Feb. 25, 1999, pg. 665.
  
• “The finding could overturn conventional thinking on a mysterious time in the evolution of early life known as the Cambrian Explosion. Until about 550 million years ago, there were very few animals leaving trails behind. Then, within ten million years an unprecedented blossoming of life swarmed across the planet, filling every niche with hard-bodied, complex creatures.
  "It wasn't a gradual development of complexity," Matz said. "Instead these things suddenly seemed to burst out of a magic box."”
  Michael Reilly, Discovery News, “Single-Celled Giant Upends Early Evolution,” November 20, 2008, Discovery Channel Website.
  http://dsc.discovery.com/news/2008/11/20/gromia-cambrian.html
  
• “It is not necessarily easy to "see" macroevolutionary history; there are no firsthand accounts to be read. Instead, we reconstruct the history of life using multiple lines of evidence, including geology, fossils, and living organisms.”
  University of California Museum of Paleontology and the National Center for Science Education
  http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/_0_0/evoscales_05
  
• “Most of the animal phyla that are represented in the fossil record first appear, ‘fully formed,’ in the Cambrian some 550 million years ago...The fossil record is therefore of no help with respect to the origin and early diversification of the various animal phyla."
  Richard S K Barnes, Peter Calow, Peter J. W. Olive, David W. Golding and John Spicer, “The Invertebrates: A New Synthesis” (textbook), Updated 2000, Blackwell Publishing.
  
• "To take a line of fossils and claim that they represent a lineage is not a scientific hypothesis that can be tested, but an assertion that carries the same validity as a bedtime story - amusing, perhaps even instructive, but not scientific."
  Dr. Henry Gee, Ardent Evolutionist, Senior Editor, Biological Sciences for the journal Nature as written in his book, “In Search of Deep Time: Beyond the Fossil Record to a New History of Life,” New York, The Free Press, 1999, page 126-127.

REVIEW HOW THE GENESIS ACCOUNT OF CREATION HOLDS UP WHEN USING THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD OF TESTING A HYPOTHESIS:

1. Make observations.
   
2. Form a testable, unifying hypothesis to explain these observations.
   “By "testable", we mean the predictions must include examples of what is likely be observed if the hypothesis is true and of what is unlikely to be observed if the hypothesis is true. A hypothesis that can explain all possible data equally well is not testable, nor is it scientific. A good scientific hypothesis must rule out some conceivable possibilities, at least in principle.”
   http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/comdesc/sciproof.html
   
3. Deduce predictions from the hypothesis.
   
4. Search for confirmations of the predictions; if the predictions are contradicted by empirical observation, go back to step (2).
   

(From: http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/comdesc/sciproof.html)

Results:
Since all the phenomena listed above are verifiable, the Genesis Account of Creation is observable, testable, explainable, predictable, dependable, and NOT contradictory by empirical observation OR evidence.

REVIEW WHAT IS CONSIDERED AS NATURALISTIC BY EVOLUTIONARY STANDARDS:

“In science, explanations must be based on naturally occurring phenomena. Natural causes are, in principle, reproducible and therefore can be checked independently by others.”
“Science, Evolution, and Creationism,” 2008, National Academy of Sciences (NAS), The National Academies Press, third edition, page 10.
http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11876&page=10

Using the standards above:

• Are the explanations based on “naturally occurring phenomena” within known scientific information, laws, and principles?
  
• Can any be “reproducible and therefore can be checked independently by others”?

Results:
The resulting actions of the Creator are considered “naturally occurring phenomena” and “reproducible and therefore can be checked independently by others,” so the Genesis Account of Creation is naturalistic, even though the Source (God) is supernatural.

If evolutionists do not agree with the above claim, they must reclassify all scientific laws and principles as supernatural, unless they can name the specific Source of each phenomenon. Example:

• “The ability to generate novelty is one of the main mysteries in evolutionary theory.”
  “How Evolution Learns From Past Environments To Adapt To Present Environments”, ScienceDaily, November 10, 2008.
  http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081107071822.htm
  
• “ …, there is no place in the dimensional analysis that predicts the speed of light, in which to account for how the light was created."
  University of Texas at Austin, Physics website, “Speed of Light.”
  http://www.ph.utexas.edu/~gleeson/httb/section1_3_4_4.html
• “Scientists have fine-tuned just about every equation and model to describe and predict gravity, yet its source within matter remains a complete and utter mystery.”
  http://dsc.discovery.com/space/top-10/strange-universe/space-10-weirdest-things-universe-08.html
  
• “How can sound be transformed into a brief flash of light? Recent experiments have provided new insights into this remarkable phenomenon, but its cause is not yet fully understood.”
  “Sonoluminescence: the star in a jar” by Seth Putterman, Physics World, May 1998. (See PDF)

Evolutionists openly admit that they don’t know how evolution supposedly occurs
(see http://www.whoisyourcreator. com/how_does_evolution_occur.html).
Because of this, the two sets of criteria above dictate that citing ‘evolution’ as a source of action (i.e. mechanism) is nothing but a supernatural reference.
The truly fascinating thing is that evolutionists also use the supernatural word “nature” when attributing a source of action to something they can’t explain. Ignoring the irony, they continually violate their own standards:

• “Nature is very good at building structures but instead of bricks and mortar it uses molecules like proteins and lipids for its building blocks. For instance, a seed can take molecules from the air, soil and water and rearrange them into a tree … Molecules in nature are programmed to arrange themselves in certain ways.”
  University of Wisconsin, Madison, “Self-Assembly,” Materials Research Science and Engineering Center website.
  http://mrsec.wisc.edu/Edetc/nanoquest/self_assembly/index.html
• “Nature and evolution have actually created a basic way for a cell to divide with a backup system that can work if the other approach fails.”
  http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/09/080902221728.htm
• “In other words, as Mother Nature sorts things out, some adaptations go by the wayside, with the latest generation of an organism sometimes showing no traces of them …”
  http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/01/090116142117.htm
• “However, nature has become adept at engineering nanoscale building blocks, e.g. proteins and RNA.”
  http://www.physorg.com/news137837953.html
  
• “"Nature uses very simple strategies to design structures to manipulate light -- structures that are beyond the reach of our current abilities," Galusha says.”
  http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/05/080520090534.htm
  
• “Engineers long have known that great ideas can be lifted from Mother Nature, but a new paper by researchers at Yale University and the National Institute of Standards and Technology takes it to a cellular level.”
  http://www.physorg.com/news142180005.html
  
• “"I have always believed that nature is smarter and stronger than humankind," said Kattesh Katti, professor of radiology and physics in MU's School of Medicine and College of Arts and Science, senior research scientist at the MU Research Reactor, and director of the MU Cancer Nanotechnology Platform … "
  http://www.physorg.com/news141835424.html
  
• “Now we'll be building on this to work out how nature controls that dimmer switch.” http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/10/081002172007.htm

We are not advocating the teaching of the Genesis Account of Creation as fact in science education. But, teaching the unscientific Theory of Evolution as fact has been proven to be a menace to scientific progress (see http://www.whoisyourcreator.com/evolution_menace.html) and serves no one but those who have an agenda to indoctrinate students into their own religion of Humanism.
http://www.americanhumanist.org/Who_We_Are/About_Humanism/Humanist_Manifesto_I

	"The new research, to be published this week in the New Journal of Physics, found nonorganic dust, when held in the form of plasma in zero gravity, formed the helical structures found in DNA. The particles are held together by electromagnetic forces that the scientists say could contain a code comparable to the genetic information held in organic matter … The findings have provoked speculation that the helix could be a common structure that underpins all life, organic and nonorganic.” —Robert Booth “Dust ‘comes alive’ in space”, The Sunday Times, August 2007. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article2241753.ece “'Changes in the physical properties of a structure, such as cracks and fractures in a bridge, will cause changes in its vibration. By monitoring these vibrations it is possible to detect any changes which may indicate bridge damage.'… 'Just like an electrocardiogram can measure the health of a heart, by monitoring vibration characteristics we can evaluate the health of a bridge.'” Queensland University of Technology, in “Bad Vibes Can Indicate Structural Damage In Bridges” ScienceDaily, May 6, 2007. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/05/070502111541.htm